When the nomads of Iran's ethnic origin (who Scythians and Sarmatians) that occupy the steppe zone of western South Russia, no doubt including turgay River Valley and Western Siberia; steppe zone is in the eastern part of the Turks - species under the rule of the Mongolian nation. which in the ancient history of the dominant nation on a [Hunni] and Huna) is the same etymology. Perhaps these Huns (until the 3rd century BC, the Qin Dynasty, was clearly in the Chinese annals record the Huns a) in BC, the 9th and 8th century China has been known as Yan yun. much earlier, they might be called the The barbarians are those who were living in the Chinese border, namely in Ordos, northern Shanxi and Hebei, the northern part of that nation. Mas Perot suggested: that the so-called North-jung, and northwest, is a barbarian tribe. the other tribes in the 4th century BC, at the time of Guixiang Zhao Chinese. King Wuling (reigned about 325-298 BC) seized from them even in Shanxi the north (Datong), actually won this northern Ordos (about 300 BC). precisely in order to effectively prevent the attack of these nomads, Qin (Shaanxi) and Zhao (Shanxi) Chinese Heavy vehicles have changed their cavalry soldiers as flexible. The military reform has brought a complete change of clothing in China; bow gown times to be learned from the nomadic cavalry trousers replaced. from where nomads, the Chinese warrior They also mimic the feathers of the hat, China and its neighboring Asian countries are beginning to pile up along its northern border, the first wall, and later Qin Shi Huang unified and complete the wall of the building, as the Great Wall.
According to the Chinese historian Sima Qian's account, it is after the 3rd century BC half of the Huns seems to be a unified, strong nation, they are the head by a commander named Chanyu with, Chanyu transliteration is the full name of Han Wen Tu Chanyu hold the plow alone, the Chinese people have interpreted these words There's two largest office, which the king Tu Society, which means the left You Xianwang. Hanwen transliteration . basically nomadic way of life based on race could have talked about in terms of a fixed place of residence, Chanyu live in the mountainous upper reaches of the Orkhon and the future capital of the Mongols of Genghis Khan to build in the Sahara and the forest here. left Yin Wang mm principle Chanyu heir mm live in the east, possibly in Herlen Heights. Youxian Wang live in the west, possibly as Albert. Hermann suggested, in Hangzhou love mountains, this Uliastai nearby. Next, the Xiongnu ruling clique in order are: Li Wang about Google, so general, so large Commandery, so great when households are about bone Hou, and then the captains over thousands, hundreds, ten fu long. The nomads, in the procession is organized like an army. the general direction is south road, which the Turks - the nation of Mongolia has become a kind of habit; a similar phenomenon in the descendants of the Huns, the Turks 6th century people, and the Mongols of Genghis Khan can be seen.
Chinese portrait depicts the characteristics of the Huns, our successors in their Turkic and Mongol who can see. Wigle general said: earrings. keep the head in addition to a bunch of hair on the head, the other parts are shaved. thick eyebrows, almond eyes, eyes sharp. wearing a long leg together, both sides of the split of the loose robe, waist tied with belt, belt down in front of both sides, due to the cold, tighten the sleeve at the wrist. a short fur around her shoulders, wearing a fur hat. shoes are leather, wide pants with a belt tied tight in the ankle . bow tied belt bags, hanging in front of his left leg, also tied belt quiver hanging on the cross in the lower back, the arrow toward the right. pants, on the Huns and the Scythians who are common. There are many habits are the same: If the funeral sacrifices. Huns and the Scythians who are the chief (or chiefs) of the tomb, cut his wife and his men to open the throat, as the Huns, whose numbers reach hundreds or thousands. Herodotus (IV.65) records, Scythians were the skull of the enemy at the saw along the eyebrow level, in the cast out with leather, which embedded with gold film as a drinking uses. Examples can be seen drinking. Indeed, the Huns and the Scythians who are the head as a trophy. Herodotus (IV.64) mentioned the Scythians who demonstrate their booty cut off the enemy head and the horse reins hanging on the scalp to show boast.
descendants of the Huns, that the 6th century AD, Turkic people, a soldier on the grave stone pier, their number is killed in his life proportional to the number of the enemy. This pulp is also prevalent in the customs and Turkic Indo-European species - species of nomads in Mongolia. Scythians were inserted with a sprinkle the blood upon the enemy in a small mound on the sacred short machetes, as well as a drink by his enemies to kill first blood. Huns in setting the Covenant, the container made the skull to the employer and drink blood. in memory of the deceased, the Scythians and the Huns face with a knife cut, camels and regulation. to find water and pasture, they migrate with the herd while. They eat only meat (this is used to more Chinese people to eat vegetables and impressed), clothing and leather, fur is grateful , living carpet account. They believe in a kind of worship of days (of the Tengger) and the worship of some mountain-based, vague shamanism. Chanyu or top of their monarch, to convene all the Huns in the fall (the season of horse strongest) School class people and livestock. all Chinese writers regarded these savage marauders described as stubborn, they will surprise appearance in the land edge of the invasion and looting of property and livestock, and then may come before any return fire with a booty away. When they were chased, their tactic is to lure a large desert area, or the Chinese military in-depth desolate prairie land, and then they are not in the case of an ambush in order to punish the arrow-like storm chaser, until their enemies was worn down, and get exhausted by hunger and thirst, they did extinguished in one fell swoop. because of their mobility and their cavalry archers technology, these methods very effective. In the Huns to Genghis Khan from the initial period of all prairie residents, These methods are rarely changed. For all those archers formed by the tribes immediately, regardless of the Huns in the East or West, Scythians who, these methods are common. As stated by Herodotus, Sri Lanka Kitai people to deal with Darius is to use the same strategy. Darius timely aware of this danger, and in this lack of such care, they are blinded by the Huns while pretending to escape into the desolate desert land, where it was a massacre?
As for the Huns in the Turks - Mongolian species position in the language of all ethnic groups, some authors, such as Shiratori Coogee tend to their classified Mongolian race. On the contrary, Pelliot translation provided by the HAN cross-checking several coincidence that the overall point of view, these should belong to the Turkic Huns species, especially their political leaders people.
Hun's first attack and the migration
Hun Rouzhi a formidable force as the first time in history is the first in the late 3rd century BC, is now China in the Qin Dynasty ( 221-206 years ago) completed under the rule of national unity. Created by Qin Shi Huang Qin (reigned 221-210) foresaw this danger, and General Meng Tian to complete the construction work of the Great Wall. From 215 BC onwards , the Great Wall to defend China's territory has been playing the role of violations against the Huns, in about 214 BC Penpower the Huns out of the area today known as the Ordos, the Yellow River area within the Loop. However, at the same time, the Huns In the first Man Chanyu (died about former 210m209 years) led to attack Rouzhi began their expansion, Rouzhi, who until then has been living in western Gansu. In the East, the first son of Man, the successor Maodun (reigned about 209-174) defeated the Manchu barbarians on the border of another East Hu mm. Maodun by Dynasty perished Hanxing (formerly 206-202) of China between the forces of the weakening of the outbreak of civil war, 201 BC invasion of China in Shanxi Province, around the capital of Taiyuan. founder of the Han Dynasty Gotti went to Taiyuan, driving the Huns, the Huns but was trapped in anti-white mountain near Ping Cheng, term of the present border of Shanxi Datong area. After a negotiated, parties have to rescue, agreement, the Han emperor to give the Huns concessions. to a Chinese princess married ladies Chanyu or wife, as the poets after the Yin of China: poor, reigned 174-161 BC) was the threat of the end of the Rouzhi, with the king's skull made Rouzhi drinking vessels, the Rouzhi expelled from Gansu, forcing them to move westward, which had originated in Asia plateau for the first time in recorded history of the great national movement.
Rouzhi one (at least in this form) but only its transliteration in Chinese from handed down. However, many long-East expert who tend to Rouzhi and Tocharian (who in the 2nd century BC, moved from Turkistan, Bactria, Greek historians have learned from this movement in them) and with the Greek historians call India - Cypriot equivalent up. Click here to sort Tokharians India - Cypriot people is a nation of two periods with two titles, the people that this nation have affinity with the Scythians, or that it belongs to Indo-European race This confirmation is based on the fact that: In this western China Gansu mm according to the records of Chinese historians, the region early in the 2nd century BC, the first person is already a site Rouzhi mm geographer Ptolemy most late 2nd century AD, refers to a tower ditch people (Thagouri), a tower and a tower ditch ditch peak pull towns. In addition, the Greek Strabo referred to wrest from the various Bactria family in Tokharians (Tokharoi), precisely at this time, the Chinese historians that people reached their migratory Rouzhi big summer end, that is, the border Bactria. Both the process of development is so consistent, it seems that the formation of a strong arguments in support of those who Rouzhi people on the Chinese chronicles as described by the Greek historian, Rouzhi who proved to be the indigenous population in Gansu), then, when at least one part of the site are in Turpan, Yanqi and Kuqa, and with some more or less Rouzhi tribal kinship. Until recently, the language of scholars also known as the Indo-European Tocharian, although today they meet these languages marked in Kuqa language, Yanqi language and so on. However, during the dawn of history, Indo-European tribes to move a large section of the Far East Road is possible. make it easy to accept this assumption, because the West Siberia, perhaps even region, seems to Annals in the year before, has been with the Scythians - Sarmatians all people have family ties family residence, and the Fergana and Kashgar - the two foot of Tianshan Mountains with the door in the Ahmadi said Leonid period had stuffed the East Iranian language of the people live. So much of this in respect of Turkestan is the cloth over the Indo-European race, Kashgar near the East to those Iranians Indo-European race, in Jiuquan, the Kuqa the Indo-European race is Tokharians. Rouzhi human equivalent of the latter people. < br> However, the Chinese Historical Geography of the early information provided by the book are related to the 174 year reign), led by the Huns defeated the Rouzhi seriously. Chanyu successor on the old (about 174-161 years before the reign of) to kill the king Rouzhi, and people to make a cup of his skull. He forced them to leave the Rouzhi Gansu, fled westward through the northern desert. Rouzhi small part of them, Chinese people call Lian Small, in southern Shan Qiang, or settled down among the Tibetan people, as two and a half century into a book, was Wusun (the word for Oo-Soon) were off. Wusun Chinese historians describe these people are jealous to be blue. Charles Carpentier and the Wu-sun, a mm A link among interest rate is known as Alan Sarmatians were another name for this one mm Wusun people he thought Alan ancestors or relatives. If this assumption was correct, then, in the Similar Yuezhi and under the pressure of the Huns, migrated in droves to the south of Russia must be these Wusun, even though the period than we really want to talk about earlier, but people are constantly being Scythians Sarmatians replaced by National.
possible, however, was the Huns from Gansu out Rouzhi, they wave of westward migration had an impact on Ili River near the Wu-sun people. Wusun newcomers who temporarily conquest, but with the help of the Huns were then counterattack. Rouzhi later to re-embarked on the west, to the Syr Darya (the Greek geographers of the Ark Jesus River) where the upper reaches of the Fergana (China called Dawan), Eritrea's ruling must have been close to the end.
attack the first time the impact of the Huns and the Greek rule in Afghanistan, the collapse of
Tashkent region, Ferghana and Kashgar in these areas is called by the Chinese (Sakai, that they are from the northwest Iranian nomadic grasslands. As Lv Desi book, it seems reasonable to Serbian language attributed to them, Aorui Er. Hotan Stein found missions in the early Middle Ages are a large number of Serbian language Manuscripts, Serbian language is a dialect of Eastern Iranian language. Moving Westward Rouzhi impact on the Cypriot people in Cyprus caused a general response, leading to their invasion by Alexander's successors, the Greek princes established Burkett Maria Kingdom. according to the era of WW Tarn universally accepted theory, the pressure in the Rouzhi, Lydia Sauger Cypriots crossed that region, and then into Bactria, in the place of the Greeks. in the year 140-130 years ago, nomadic tribes from the Greek king actually wrested Bactria Hurley Claes, account, according to Strabo, the most famous Arab nomadic tribes that interest people, Pasha Illinois who spit fire Roy and Sa Jialao Lai, who are from the Syr Darya and northern regions. to accurately identify these tribes, in any case is difficult. As noted above, Charles Carpentier A interest to people ( Peng Pei Wusi. Togus man called Ah Loy interest) as the Chinese historians have referred to the Ili River in the Wu-sun people. Sa Jialao Lai or Sakya Kay seems to imply that a tribe of ancient Cypriot. As for the Tocharian people, the root dig HW Bailey insisted the assumption that they are the most central part of the Rouzhi.
128 BC, when China envoy Zhang Qian visited Rouzhi, China historian Sima Qian said to them, them have been conquered and occupied as a cable Lattice Lydia that area (refer to Urban's all. Haneda Hang in development that the city name with Kantar (kanda) City line, kanda is Malta Uganda (markanda) or the abbreviation of Samarkand. , Rouzhi have succumbed big summer (ie Bactria), although they did not seem to occupy their land, at least not yet occupied at the time. Tarn suspected (wrongly) to be conquered Bactria Rouzhi monarchs may is still the Greeks, not Serbs, the situation here, the Greek Cypriots failed to drive away from Bactria. Many Orientalist scholars believe that in any case shortly thereafter, around 126 BC, month and year s no longer satisfied with the suzerainty of Bactria, who crossed the Amu Darya, actually occupied the province. This view is based on , who moved to big summer Rouzhi by five chiefs or Xi Hou (she-hu or leaves care) divided up the other. In fact, the time of these events closer to the too clear. only in mind: They, and only a barbarian), Rouzhi migration to, all animals Robinson. Hutchison Road, AD 84, the Chinese general Ban Chao had asked the king to persuade cable Lattice Rouzhi that area Lydia King (Healthy king). This means that at the time Saw the end of sub-region and the country is completely different Rouzhi open, Therefore, it must be Saw Lydia to find places other than the Rouzhi, might be south toward Bactria. stay a little north bank of the Armstrong, after they crossed the river, replacing the plug Bactria people. According to Tarn (we can not accept his point of view), they are almost directly from the wrested Bactria Greeks. In any case, migration is Rouzhi people of all chaos and the nomads of Iran, the wave swept through the East sign. in the South, the Cypriot people have been behind attacks in the Rouzhi, occupied the Midlands that Georgia (the Sistan) and 阿拉霍希亚 (ie Kandahar). This occupation is permanent, because, from later, these areas became a Sistan and swooped to the Parthian Empire, almost destroyed it. Parthian king 弗拉亚特斯 II in meters by the end of the threat of the Syrian king Anti Ke VII, he attempted to plug the ancient dynasty style of sulfur re- Conquest (129 BC), the reckless behavior that caused some barbarians came to the rescue. These barbarians come, but soon pulled out, 弗拉亚特斯 defeated and killed (BC 128 years or 127 years). According to Peng Pei Wusi. Togus said, the new Parthian king Magnus II Art Class 124 or 123 years BC in the counter-offensive Tokharians seriously injured. This seems to prove that the history of China Yuezhi mm as if, as speculated, the history of the Greek words Tokharians mm since then have been settled in Bactria, and later they make Bactria became a Terry Dati II Parthian king secret (formerly 123-88) of the throne, he did stop the invasion of the nomads of Parthia, and even imposed his suzerainty over the Serbs in Sistan. However, In 77 BC, the Sa Jialao Lai has been very strong in Iran, they selected their own interest protectors Arthas stabbed Lakes Sim family or salad Troy Cox said, his owner on the Parthian throne Later attempts Xin thorn Lakes against them, by their arrows shot (about 70 years BC).
Rouzhi these areas were Cypriot and the fate of the future form part of the history of Iran and India. In Recall the following facts would be sufficient. Cypriots from the expansion of Sistan and Kandahar to Kabul and the Punjab; then, when these areas were occupied Rouzhi when they expand to Malwa and Gillette, where Cypriots Governor maintain their rule until the 4th century AD. As for the Rouzhi Bactria, Chinese history shows that the 1st century AD they established the great Kushan dynasty. partition Bactria five years in a tribe.
Kushan Empire, the Greeks and Romans in India - Cypriots under the name of the Empire to know the country. Kushan Emperor: library long pull. Card Card Griffith Griffith also known as I (AD 30 to 91 years or 92 years); Verma. Card or Card Griffith Griffith II (92 years to about 132 years); Buddha Shakyamuni tired of color (about 144 years to 172 years); Hu Wei Sijia (about 172 years to 217 years) and Wei Sute po (about 217 to 244 years). they will expand their rule from Kabul to the north parts of India (Punjab and Mathura). Shakyamuni Buddha tired of color in the propagation of Buddhism to Central Asia the role played by the great unknown. The purpose here is to mention it the first time that the Huns attack the fate of Asia the tremendous impact. Hun Rouzhi out in the process of Gansu, causing a series of reactions, these reactions in the far West Asia and India can be felt. Afghanistan lost its Hellenistic features, Alexander expedition left behind in these areas has been eliminated the last traces; Parthian Iran, under a temporary a shock; expelled from the tribe of Gansu has been established in Kabul and northwest India, an unexpected empire. The same process continues throughout the history of our research now. occurred in the grasslands at one end a slight Pollex, not avoid in this huge migration zone, every corner had a series of unintended consequences.
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